What were gacy - John Wayne Gacy, a successful businessman from the Chicago suburbs, moonlighted as a children’s entertainer who went by the names “Pogo the Clown” and “Patches the Clown.” He was also convicted in March 1980 of murdering 33 boys and young men, making him the worst serial killer in American history at the time.

 
The dogs were allowed to examine each of Gacy's vehicles, whereupon one dog approached Gacy's Oldsmobile and lay upon the passenger seat in what the dog's handler informed investigators was a "death reaction", indicating the body of Robert Piest had been present in this vehicle. . Arrotta

Having restrained his victim, Gacy proceeded to rape and torture them before they were killed, typically by strangulation with rope. Police began to investigate Gacy following the disappearace of ...Often referred to as the Killer Clown, there was a lot more to the story about John Wayne Gacy's assault and murder of at least 33 young men throughout the '70s. Peacock has thrown its hat into the true crime ring with the limited series John Wayne Gacy: Devil in Disguise, one of the streaming service's newest originals.John Wayne Gacy (March 17, 1942 – May 10, 1994) was an American serial killer and sex offender who raped, tortured, and murdered at least 33 young men and boys in Norwood Park Township, near Chicago, Illinois. He became known as the Killer Clown due to his public performances as a clown prior to the discovery of his crimes.Aug 23, 2023 · John Wayne Gacy Mental Disorder: Introduction. John Wayne Gacy was a serial killer and rapist who committed 33 murders from 1972 to 1978. He was also known as “the killer clown” only because he committed his crimes while dressed like a clown. That was his alter ego. His victims were teenage males whose bodies he buried in his basement. Three other victims were found buried on Gacy's property and another four people whom Gacy admitted killing were found in waterways south of Chicago. In 2011, Dart's office exhumed the remains of ...Gacy was eventually brought to trial on Feb. 6, 1980. The jury, selected from Rockford, convicted him of 33 murders after less than two hours of deliberations. He was executed on May 10, 1994.Francis Wayne Alexander’s remains were found more than 40 years ago in the crawl space of infamous serial killer John Wayne Gacy’s home. For decades their identity was a mystery, but through ...Gacy says that the boys were killed because they were members of Tompkins’ prostitution ring and wanted to quit, or had become involved in drug deals that soured. He says that movies were made ...John Wayne Gacy’s last words were “Kiss my ass,” according to reports. The Netflix drama mirrors real-live events as, during the execution scene in episode 10, Gacy is given the opportunity ...Jun 16, 2023 · John Wayne Gacy was a serial killer and rapist who murdered at least 33 teenage boys and young men in Cook County, Illinois, burying most under his house. Sometimes known as the “Killer Clown”... John Wayne Gacy (March 17, 1942 – May 10, 1994) was an American serial killer and sex offender who raped, tortured, and murdered at least 33 young men and boys in Norwood Park Township, near Chicago, Illinois. He became known as the Killer Clown due to his public performances as a clown prior to the discovery of his crimes. Sep 28, 2022 · What were John Wayne Gacy’s last words? Gary was sentenced to death on March 13 1980. The serial killer was then executed by lethal injection at Stateville Correctional Centre on May 10 1994. Oct 7, 2021 · In December 1978, police discovered McCoy’s body, along with 32 others, buried at the home of Chicago-based serial killer John Wayne Gacy. McCoy was Gacy’s first victim. But it wasn’t until May 1986 that his remains were positively identified and authorities could finally notify his family. John Wayne Gacy (March 17, 1942—May 10, 1994) was an American serial killer whose murders of 33 boys and young men in the 1970s received international media attention and shocked his suburban Chicago community, where he was known for his sociability and his performance as a clown at charitable events and childrens’ parties.Pedro Lopez. One of the world’s most prolific serial killers might still be out there. Pedro Lopez is linked to more than 300 murders in his native Colombia and in Ecuador and Peru. At least one-third of those murders were tribal women. After Lopez’s arrest in 1980, police found the graves of more than 50 of his preteen victims.John Wayne Gacy, the “Killer Clown” Serial Killer. John Wayne Gacy was an American serial killer from Illinois, known for dressing up as a clown for special events, using the name “Patches” or “Pogo,” and came to be called “The Killer Clown.”. Gacy grew up in an abusive household, but had a close relationship with his mother and ...What were John Wayne Gacy's last words? John Wayne Gacy was executed by lethal injection on May 10, 1994. That was also the same day serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer was baptized in the Wisconsin prison where he was serving 15 consecutive life sentences. While strapped to the gurney that would ultimately be the last thing he felt before dying, Gacy ...Apr 20, 2022 · So what ever happened to Gacy’s infamous house of horrors where at least 33 men were raped, tortured, and murdered? In 1979, the ranch home was razed and a three-bedroom, two-bathroom brick home ... Apr 7, 2021 · There were so many different jurisdictions that Gacy overlapped with; there’s not one particular body of law enforcement that we can point to and say, “That was a total failure.” But he killed more than what was recovered there — additional bodies were located in the Des Plaines River, and even more were found buried elsewhere on Gacy's property. Altogether, Gacy confessed to murdering 33 young men and boys, not all of whom have been identified. Authorities believe he could be responsible for even more.The dogs were allowed to examine each of Gacy's vehicles, whereupon one dog approached Gacy's Oldsmobile and lay upon the passenger seat in what the dog's handler informed investigators was a "death reaction", indicating the body of Robert Piest had been present in this vehicle. Apr 22, 2022 · Gacy reportedly killed at least 33 young boys and men. Twenty-six of his victims were found buried in the crawlspace beneath his house with several other victims buried elsewhere on his property. FILE - This 1978 file photo shows serial killer John Wayne Gacy, who was convicted of killing 33 young men and boys in the Chicago area in the 1970s and executed in 1994.One of the most infamous serial killers in American history, John Wayne Gacy is known as the “Killer Clown” who would torture, bind, rape, and murder young men that he picked up in the area ...Often referred to as the Killer Clown, there was a lot more to the story about John Wayne Gacy's assault and murder of at least 33 young men throughout the '70s. Peacock has thrown its hat into the true crime ring with the limited series John Wayne Gacy: Devil in Disguise, one of the streaming service's newest originals.One serial killer who was interested in politics and did manage to create a political career for himself was John Wayne Gacy, the so-called "Killer Clown." Gacy is known to have sexually assaulted ...A photograph of Gacy's recreation room showing a Tiki-style bar was used at his murder trial. Gacy regularly hosted themed neighborhood parties. (Cook County Circuit Court) (Cook County Circuit Court)After the success Gacy had luering McCoy into his home, he continued lurk the city with the motive to find the perfect victim. Bus stations were one the most common locations where Gacy abducted his victims. Gacy also claimed that he started a construction company in which he hired younger males aged from 15 to 18.The dogs were allowed to examine each of Gacy's vehicles, whereupon one dog approached Gacy's Oldsmobile and lay upon the passenger seat in what the dog's handler informed investigators was a "death reaction", indicating the body of Robert Piest had been present in this vehicle.Two serial killers, Dean Corll and John Wayne Gacy, thousands of miles apart, brutally murdered over 60 teenage boys. The police said the murders were the work of these sole deranged killers, but for the first time we reveal that they were actually connected by a network of pedophiles which was partially financed by prominent members of American society. May 12, 2020 · Piest was a 15-year-old pharmacy employee whose murder would eventually lead detectives to search Gacy’s home and find items from his victims. They later discovered bodies in the crawl space, on other parts of the property, and in the Des Plaines River. Gacy was convicted of 33 murders (only 22 were identified) and sentenced to death in 1980. 2. Gacy would snatch victims out of plain sight. Investigators first zoomed in on Gacy when a 15-year-old boy named Robert Piest from Des Plaines, Ill., went missing under unusual circumstances.Dec 20, 2018 · The city at large had failed to notice the disappearance of dozens of young men and boys. But the last of those victims, a teenager named Robert Piest, changed everything. Piest’s disappearance ... Gacy's seemingly innocuous penchant for entertaining children apparently belied a horde of hideous sexual fantasies and urges. While isolated on death row, Gacy began to paint — mostly portraits of his alter ego, Pogo The Clown — with the intention of "to bring joy to people’s lives," he reportedly once told a reporter as recounted in ...Follow Us. Ted Bundy, John Wayne Gacy, Dennis Rader ("BTK"), Jeffrey Dahmer and Gary Ridgway ("The Green River Killer"). "The Five" were responsible for murder sprees around the U.S. during a 40-year time period. Dive into these serial killers' childhoods and explore the psychology of how and why these men were able to kill in plain sight. On December 22, Gacy confessed to the murders and also admitted responsibility for the killings of four more victims whose bodies were discovered in a nearby river. At his trial in 1980, the killer was sentenced to death. In 1994, after a 14-year stretch on death row, Gacy was finally executed by lethal injection, per History.With his father’s classic “It” back in the forefront of pop culture with the recent blockbuster two-part movie adaptation, Hill felt the clown look, originally inspired by the serial killer ...There were so many different jurisdictions that Gacy overlapped with; there’s not one particular body of law enforcement that we can point to and say, “That was a total failure.”Dec 14, 2018 · A photograph of Gacy's recreation room showing a Tiki-style bar was used at his murder trial. Gacy regularly hosted themed neighborhood parties. (Cook County Circuit Court) (Cook County Circuit Court) 1 of 48. John Wayne Gacy is arrested on Dec. 21, 1978, at the Des Plaines Police Department. (Des Plaines Police Department) John Wayne Gacy murdered 33 young men and boys between 1972 and 1978 ...When Gacy grew up and began being charged with assault, there were many cases where he was examined for psychological problems. On September 3rd, Gacy was ordered to have a psychiatric evaluation where he was examined for seventeen days. The doctors concluded that Gacy had antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), and that treatment was unlikely ...John Wayne Gacy, the “Killer Clown” Serial Killer. John Wayne Gacy was an American serial killer from Illinois, known for dressing up as a clown for special events, using the name “Patches” or “Pogo,” and came to be called “The Killer Clown.”. Gacy grew up in an abusive household, but had a close relationship with his mother and ...When Gacy grew up and began being charged with assault, there were many cases where he was examined for psychological problems. On September 3rd, Gacy was ordered to have a psychiatric evaluation where he was examined for seventeen days. The doctors concluded that Gacy had antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), and that treatment was unlikely ... Francis Wayne Alexander’s remains were found more than 40 years ago in the crawl space of infamous serial killer John Wayne Gacy’s home. For decades their identity was a mystery, but through ...Apr 21, 2021 · Often referred to as the Killer Clown, there was a lot more to the story about John Wayne Gacy's assault and murder of at least 33 young men throughout the '70s. Peacock has thrown its hat into the true crime ring with the limited series John Wayne Gacy: Devil in Disguise, one of the streaming service's newest originals. Most of Gacy's victims were strangled after a loop of rope had been placed around their necks and tightened by turning a length of pipe or a wooden stick inserted into the loop, like a tourniquet. The prosecutors also brought psychologists as expert witnesses who testified that Gacy was sane at the time of the killings.Dec 17, 2020 · On May 10, 1994 — that’s fourteen years after he was sentenced to death — John Wayne Gacy was executed at the Stateville Correctional Center by means of lethal injection. His infamous last words were “kiss my ass.”. For more details on this notorious serial killer and sex offender’s last day on this earth, including his last ... Oct 26, 2021 · Francis Wayne Alexander’s remains were found more than 40 years ago in the crawl space of infamous serial killer John Wayne Gacy’s home. For decades their identity was a mystery, but through ... Oct 7, 2021 · In December 1978, police discovered McCoy’s body, along with 32 others, buried at the home of Chicago-based serial killer John Wayne Gacy. McCoy was Gacy’s first victim. But it wasn’t until May 1986 that his remains were positively identified and authorities could finally notify his family. The remains of both of them were among those subsequently discovered under Gacy's home. In December 1977 two young men accused Gacy of kidnapping and rape, but charges were not filed. Gacy Confesses. Following his arrest Gacy was questioned intensively by police, and on January 3, 1979 he confessed to the killing of Robert Piest and six others. Among American serial killers, John Wayne Gacy is the third most prolific, with only “Green River Killer” Gary Ridgway and Ted Bundy logging more victims. Between 1972 and 1978, he raped, tortured and murdered at least 33 teenage boys and young men, in most instances burying them in the crawl space beneath his home in the Chicago suburbs.Dahmer vs. Gacy is a poverty-budget horror-comedy trafficking in intentionally “offensive”humor and ludicrously exaggerated gore. DNA experiments bring both Milwaukee cannibal Jeffrey Dahmer (Ford Austin) and John Wayne Gacy (Randal Malone) back to life, and the notorious slayers erupt on the public anew in a battle to see who can be the ultimate gross-out murder monster.Jan 30, 2023 · But he killed more than what was recovered there — additional bodies were located in the Des Plaines River, and even more were found buried elsewhere on Gacy's property. Altogether, Gacy confessed to murdering 33 young men and boys, not all of whom have been identified. Authorities believe he could be responsible for even more. Many of the victims’ bodies were later recovered in Gacy’s home, either buried in a crawl space or placed in-between the property’s walls. During Gacy’s trial, it was revealed that his ...John Wayne Gacy (March 17, 1942 – May 10, 1994) was an American serial killer and sex offender who raped, tortured, and murdered at least 33 young men and boys in Norwood Park Township, near Chicago, Illinois. He became known as the Killer Clown due to his public performances as a clown prior to the discovery of his crimes.Nov 13, 2009 · In March 1980, Gacy was convicted of 33 sex-related murders, committed between 1972 and 1978, and given the death penalty. Gacy was born in Chicago on March 17, 1942. Follow Us. Ted Bundy, John Wayne Gacy, Dennis Rader ("BTK"), Jeffrey Dahmer and Gary Ridgway ("The Green River Killer"). "The Five" were responsible for murder sprees around the U.S. during a 40-year time period. Dive into these serial killers' childhoods and explore the psychology of how and why these men were able to kill in plain sight. Gacy Had Two Children With First Wife, Marlynn Myers. Gacy met Marlynn Myers in 1964, when they both worked at a men’s clothing store in Springfield, Illinois called Roberts Brothers. According ...However, 28 of Gacy's victims were identified, with all of them being between the ages of 14 and 21. According to Terry Sullivan and Peter T Maiken's Killer Clown: The John Wayne Gacy Murders ...Apr 20, 2022 · Having restrained his victim, Gacy proceeded to rape and torture them before they were killed, typically by strangulation with rope. Police began to investigate Gacy following the disappearace of ... Oct 7, 2021 · In December 1978, police discovered McCoy’s body, along with 32 others, buried at the home of Chicago-based serial killer John Wayne Gacy. McCoy was Gacy’s first victim. But it wasn’t until May 1986 that his remains were positively identified and authorities could finally notify his family. Two serial killers, Dean Corll and John Wayne Gacy, thousands of miles apart, brutally murdered over 60 teenage boys. The police said the murders were the work of these sole deranged killers, but for the first time we reveal that they were actually connected by a network of pedophiles which was partially financed by prominent members of American society.Apr 22, 2022 · John Wayne Gacy original artwork "Pogo the Clown" self-portrait(Steve Eichner/WireImage) 2 Gacy's troubled childhood Gacy was born in 1942 in Chicago, Illinois. Many of the organs and the conditions show the changes as come about by the natural, or so called natural conditions in changes as the body succumbs to the effects of age or usage in the system. Much of this may be overcome. (Man should live much longer than has been ordinarily given – and will!)”. -- Edgar Cayce reading 244-2.All were killed in his suburban Norwood Park ranch house, most of them strangled or asphyxiated, and Gacy buried 26 of the bodies in the crawl space beneath his home.John Wayne Gacy’s last words were “Kiss my ass,” according to reports. The Netflix drama mirrors real-live events as, during the execution scene in episode 10, Gacy is given the opportunity ...May 10, 2023 · They had been investigating the disappearance of 15-year-old Robert Piest, and Gacy inadvertently became the main suspect. After obtaining a search warrant and digging up Gacy’s home, 29 bodies were discovered, and four more were later found in nearby rivers. Gacy was arrested and charged with 33 counts of murder. During his trial, he ... Sep 28, 2022 · What were John Wayne Gacy’s last words? Gary was sentenced to death on March 13 1980. The serial killer was then executed by lethal injection at Stateville Correctional Centre on May 10 1994. Notorious killers Ted Bundy and John Wayne Gacy were diagnosed with APD. Dahmer was diagnosed with BPD, a disorder characterized by impulsivity, mood swings and problems forming interpersonal relationships — thus making it hard to feel empathetic. 3. The Need for ControlGacy was eventually brought to trial on Feb. 6, 1980. The jury, selected from Rockford, convicted him of 33 murders after less than two hours of deliberations. He was executed on May 10, 1994.Delta Project. In one interview, Gacy stated this three-man crew (and maybe as many as six) were in possession of keys to his house. One of these employees was a young man named Philip Paske, who is known to have been a close associate of a man named John Norman, who operated a nationwide sex trafficking ring known as the Delta Project, which at the time operated from Chicago.Apr 20, 2022 · So what ever happened to Gacy’s infamous house of horrors where at least 33 men were raped, tortured, and murdered? In 1979, the ranch home was razed and a three-bedroom, two-bathroom brick home ... But he killed more than what was recovered there — additional bodies were located in the Des Plaines River, and even more were found buried elsewhere on Gacy's property. Altogether, Gacy confessed to murdering 33 young men and boys, not all of whom have been identified. Authorities believe he could be responsible for even more.Apr 20, 2022 · Christine Gacy and her brother Michael were born the children of serial killer John Wayne Gacy — but luckily their mother divorced him after his sodomy conviction in 1968 and took them with her. At first glance, Christine Gacy’s early childhood looked perfectly normal. Born in 1967, she lived with her older brother and two parents. Mar 30, 2023 · John Wayne Gacy was a American serial killer and rapist who assaulted and murdered at least 33 young men and boys. He later became known as the “Killer Clown” because he often dressed as a clown for children’s parties and other events. Gacy typically targeted young men who were either runaways or had problems with their families. Aug 5, 2017 · The police contacted Gacy, who denied ever speaking to the boy and offered to come down to the station later that day. At 3:20 a.m., Gacy, covered in mud, arrived at the police station, claiming he had been involved in a car accident. The police were convinced that Gacy was responsible for Piest’s disappearance. They checked Gacy’s record ... Delta Project. In one interview, Gacy stated this three-man crew (and maybe as many as six) were in possession of keys to his house. One of these employees was a young man named Philip Paske, who is known to have been a close associate of a man named John Norman, who operated a nationwide sex trafficking ring known as the Delta Project, which at the time operated from Chicago.Nov 13, 2009 · In March 1980, Gacy was convicted of 33 sex-related murders, committed between 1972 and 1978, and given the death penalty. Gacy was born in Chicago on March 17, 1942. Jan 30, 2023 · But he killed more than what was recovered there — additional bodies were located in the Des Plaines River, and even more were found buried elsewhere on Gacy's property. Altogether, Gacy confessed to murdering 33 young men and boys, not all of whom have been identified. Authorities believe he could be responsible for even more. Apr 20, 2022 · Having restrained his victim, Gacy proceeded to rape and torture them before they were killed, typically by strangulation with rope. Police began to investigate Gacy following the disappearace of ... Among American serial killers, John Wayne Gacy is the third most prolific, with only “Green River Killer” Gary Ridgway and Ted Bundy logging more victims. Between 1972 and 1978, he raped, tortured and murdered at least 33 teenage boys and young men, in most instances burying them in the crawl space beneath his home in the Chicago suburbs.Pedro Lopez. One of the world’s most prolific serial killers might still be out there. Pedro Lopez is linked to more than 300 murders in his native Colombia and in Ecuador and Peru. At least one-third of those murders were tribal women. After Lopez’s arrest in 1980, police found the graves of more than 50 of his preteen victims.A photograph of Gacy's recreation room showing a Tiki-style bar was used at his murder trial. Gacy regularly hosted themed neighborhood parties. (Cook County Circuit Court) (Cook County Circuit Court)On the 10th May 1994 John Wayne Gacy was exectured via lethal injection. He chose to eat a bucket of chicken, a dozen fried shrimp and a LOT of strawberries,...Gacy’s nice-guy persona masked something far more sinister. Once they were safely restrained — usually in a pair of handcuffs as he demonstrated a “trick” he learned as a clown — Gacy’s easy smile melted away, revealing a cold, growling predator who sexually assaulted his victims before strangling many of them with a knotted rope.Apr 11, 2023 · Murders A-Z is a collection of true crime stories that take an in-depth look at both little-known and infamous murders throughout history. Among American serial killers, John Wayne Gacy is the third most prolific, with only “Green River Killer” Gary Ridgway and Ted Bundy logging more victims. Between 1972 and 1978, he raped, tortured and murdered at least 33 teenage boys and young men, in ...

26 bodies of Gacy’s victims were found underneath his house in the crawlspace, while three more were found in other locations at the property. Four were found in the Des Plaines River.. Wink news live cameras

what were gacy

Three other victims were found buried on Gacy's property and another four people whom Gacy admitted killing were found in waterways south of Chicago. In 2011, Dart's office exhumed the remains of ...Featured Image Credit: Alamy. John Wayne Gacy, the subject of Netflix's new true crime documentary, had a pretty hefty last meal before being executed on death row. Gacy, who was dubbed the 'Killer Clown', sexually assaulted and murdered at least 33 young men between 1972 and 1976 and has become Netflix's latest true crime docu-series ...Apr 30, 2022 · Featured Image Credit: Alamy. John Wayne Gacy, the subject of Netflix's new true crime documentary, had a pretty hefty last meal before being executed on death row. Gacy, who was dubbed the 'Killer Clown', sexually assaulted and murdered at least 33 young men between 1972 and 1976 and has become Netflix's latest true crime docu-series ... Feb 20, 2019 · Wed 20 Feb 2019 11.12 EST. Last modified on Wed 20 Feb 2019 14.37 EST. D usting itself off after the excitement of Liam Neeson’s racist meltdown, the film world has settled on its next talking ... Feb 20, 2019 · Wed 20 Feb 2019 11.12 EST. Last modified on Wed 20 Feb 2019 14.37 EST. D usting itself off after the excitement of Liam Neeson’s racist meltdown, the film world has settled on its next talking ... Apr 20, 2022 · Having restrained his victim, Gacy proceeded to rape and torture them before they were killed, typically by strangulation with rope. Police began to investigate Gacy following the disappearace of ... John Wayne Gacy was a serial killer and rapist who murdered at least 33 teenage boys and young men in Cook County, Illinois, burying most under his house. Sometimes known as the “Killer Clown”...Jun 16, 2023 · John Wayne Gacy was a serial killer and rapist who murdered at least 33 teenage boys and young men in Cook County, Illinois, burying most under his house. Sometimes known as the “Killer Clown”... Mar 25, 2021 · The Brazen (And Stupid) Way That John Wayne Gacy Got Caught. As investigators were searching for missing teen Robert Piest in 1978, they began trailing John Wayne Gacy. He wasn't shy about interacting with them. By Gina Tron March 25, 2021, 10:50 AM ET. True Crime Buzz: Docu-Series On Serial Killer John Wayne Gacy Coming To Peacock. Murders A-Z is a collection of true crime stories that take an in-depth look at both little-known and infamous murders throughout history. Among American serial killers, John Wayne Gacy is the third most prolific, with only “Green River Killer” Gary Ridgway and Ted Bundy logging more victims. Between 1972 and 1978, he raped, tortured and murdered at least 33 teenage boys and young men, in ...Jan 30, 2023 · But he killed more than what was recovered there — additional bodies were located in the Des Plaines River, and even more were found buried elsewhere on Gacy's property. Altogether, Gacy confessed to murdering 33 young men and boys, not all of whom have been identified. Authorities believe he could be responsible for even more. After the success Gacy had luering McCoy into his home, he continued lurk the city with the motive to find the perfect victim. Bus stations were one the most common locations where Gacy abducted his victims. Gacy also claimed that he started a construction company in which he hired younger males aged from 15 to 18.Gacy: Directed by Clive Saunders. With Mark Holton, Adam Baldwin, Tom Waldman, Charlie Weber. Model citizen, devoted father, loving husband and serial killer John Wayne Gacy - a man with over 30 dead men and boys entombed in the crawl space underneath his family house.Gacy says that the boys were killed because they were members of Tompkins’ prostitution ring and wanted to quit, or had become involved in drug deals that soured. He says that movies were made ...Apr 22, 2022 · Delta Project. In one interview, Gacy stated this three-man crew (and maybe as many as six) were in possession of keys to his house. One of these employees was a young man named Philip Paske, who is known to have been a close associate of a man named John Norman, who operated a nationwide sex trafficking ring known as the Delta Project, which at the time operated from Chicago. Francis Wayne Alexander’s remains were found more than 40 years ago in the crawl space of infamous serial killer John Wayne Gacy’s home. For decades their identity was a mystery, but through ....

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